The National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097449120171101Chemical and Nutrient Evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Seed and Oil Cultivated in Egypt118424210.21608/bnni.2017.4242ENMahmudF.Functional Foods Department, National Institute of Nutrition Canada, OttawaEl GhadbanEMedicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Horticultural Research Institute (H.R.I) ARC; National Gene Bank (N.G.B.)ShahatS.Food Science and Technology Department , faculty of Agriculture, Al Azhar university, Cairo ,EgyptJournal Article20171120This study was conducted on the extraction of oil from the plant Moringa oleifera cultivated under Egyptian conditions in three places, is the North Sinai Governorate (NS), Ismailia (IS), Minya (MA province). The aim was to study and evaluate effective nutritive value in the extracted seed oils Moringa oleifera, chemical and physical study of those components, 20 kg of ripe seeds were collected from three places (SN), (IS), (MA) and oil extraction, store at - 20 ° C until used. The results proved to contain Moringa oleifera seed to 40.2% by weight in favor of oils for human use next to contain nutrients granted retain vitality and viability of storage for a long time .The values (iodine - refractive index - saponification value - the values of density - viscosity) do not have difference in the three sites under study. The values free fatty acids (FFA), show good resistance to oil degradation compared to the values of olive oil, corn oil, cotton oil, peanut oil. The values of peroxide with low values indicating a resistance to oil, Moringa oleifera from oxidation during storage, making it the important nutritional oils to store and persistence chemically, study proved that tocopherol values (α- γ-δ-) and the image of high values, was tocopherol - α (126.1- 127) milligrams, so it has a greater vitamin (E) well compared to other oils such as coconut 17 mg, sunflower 7 mg. The fatty acids (FA) in Moringa oleifera oils containing oleic acid (C18: 1) up to 74.4% and is considered the best by comparing other. The presence of beta-sitosterol (β-sitosterol) one of the important and which play an important role in the metabolism within the body and is an important and active ingredient for patients with high cholesterol and triglycerides and diseases of atherosclerosis and heart disease, obesity, food Sterols.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4242_f1406b8568a8a26cb95174e3fbddc348.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097449120171101Production of infant food fortified with partially hydrolyzed wheat protein121424310.21608/bnni.2017.4243ENMasoudMFood Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptAbdelazimA.Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptYoussifGFood Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20171120Improvement of functional properties of infant cereal protein by hydrolyses of wheat protein using papain enzyme compared with adding papaya pulp as source of the papain enzyme were studied. Studies indicated that the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was increasing by increasing the time of incubation till 60 min. the (DH) was reach the maximum hydrolysis percentage and record 2, 14, 16% for control, papain enzyme and papaya pulp respectively. The obtained result show that the infant cereal produces by adding both papain enzyme and papaya pulp was best in its nutrient values, protein efficiency ratio C-PER and quality compared with control. Added the papaya pulp increase the nutritional value of infant cereals due to the high amount of nutrients that papaya have such as beta carotene, vitamin C and other vitamins and minerals.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4243_d60a3a1f10a8fb79279d8eea5f040af8.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097449120171101Association between Spot urine Phytoestrogens as Biomarkers on Their Dietary Intake on the Risk of Death from Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease135424410.21608/bnni.2017.4244ENGamilMahmudFunctional Foods Department, National Institute of Nutrition Canada, OttawaJonesZhangFunctional Foods Department, National Institute of Nutrition Canada, OttawaKathrynJosetteCenter for Disease Prevention and Control, OntarioJonesElseNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) CanadaShahatS.Food Science and Technology Department, faculty of Agriculture, Al Azhar university, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20171120This study suggests that phytoestrogen intake alters cancer and cardiovascular risk. This study investigated the associations of urinary phytoestrogens with total cancer (n = 198), cardiovascular (n = 152), and all-cause (n = 363) mortality among 5179 participants in the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Canada (2009–2014). Methods Urinary phytoestrogens were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Survival analysis was per-formed to evaluate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confi-dence intervals (CIs) for each of the three outcomes in relation to urinary phytoestrogens. Results: After adjustment for confounders, higher urinary concentrations of total enterolignans were associated with a reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease (HR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 10.48; 95 % CI 0.24, 0.97), whereas higher urinary concentrations of total isoflavones (HR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 12.14; 95 % CI 1.03, 4.47) and daidzein (HR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 12.05; 95 % CI 1.02, 4.11) were associated with an increased risk death from Cardiovascular Disease. A reduction in all-cause mortality was observed for elevated urinary concentrations of total enterolignans (HR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 10.65; 95 % CI 0.43, 0.96) and enterolactone (HR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 0.65; 95 % CI 0.44, 0.97). Conclusions: Some urinary phytoestrogens were associ-ated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in a rep-resentative sample of the Canadian population. This is one of the first studies that used urinary phytoestrogens as biomarkers of their dietary intake to evaluate the effect of these bioac-tive compounds on the risk of death from cancer and car-diovascular disease.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4244_63bae4965b04a54255e9bc39e354f559.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097449120171101Antiulcer protective activity of gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) in adult rats128424510.21608/bnni.2017.4245ENAbeerKhedrDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Home Economics, Menufia University, Egypt.Journal Article20171120Arabic Gum (AG) is an edible, and has a complex chemical composition. In folk medicine, AG has been reported to be used internally for the treatment of inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, and externally to cover inflamed surfaces. It has been claimed to act as an antioxidant. The objective of this study were assessed the protective activity of Arabic gum on against peptic ulcer which induced by ethyl alcohol in adult male rats and its application in bakery product. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8 for each), the first and second groups fed standard diet, the third, fourth and fifth groups fed standard diet containing 2.5, 5, 10% Arabic gum powder (AGP) respectively. At the last day of experimental period (28th day), the rats were fasted for 24 h with free access to water. The rats of second, third, fourth and fifth groups were received a single orally dose of ethyl alcohol 90% at 10 ml/kg body weight. After one hour later and under anesthesia by diethyl ether, abdominal wall was opened, the pylorus identified, stomachs ligated from esophageal opening, removed, opened at greater curvature, gastric juice collected and centrifuged for studying of gastric secretion parameters. Also, AGP was used to replace part of the whole wheat flour (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%) in standard bread. Appearance, taste, flavor, texture, , color and overall acceptability were evaluated in bread. The results showed that groups which treatment with AGP was significantly decreased in ulcer score, ulcer index and increase in preventive index compared with the positive control group. Supplemented rats diet with 10% of AGP was more effective to protect the stomach of ulcer. Moreover sensory evaluation showed that all replacement of GAP in bread was showed acceptable by the panelists. It conclude that Arabic gum had a protective activity against peptic ulcer in adult rats which induced by ethyl alcohol.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4245_152ff1dd97d7ea76c6aaf649cf0bd65b.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097449120171101Assessment of Some Dietary Elements and Serum Minerals in Asthmatic Children Attending the Outpatient Clinic of National Nutrition Institute123424610.21608/bnni.2017.4246ENAzzaSalehEnvironmental Medical Sciences,National Nutrition InstituteZeinabAbdElaalPublic Health,National Nutrition InstituteHodaAbdelsalamFood Science,National Nutrition InstituteWafaaIsmailBiochemistry,National Nutrition InstituteAmanyAbou-ElallaClinical Pathology,Misr University for Science and TechnologySaharKhairyPediatrics,National Nutrition InstituteJournal Article20171121Asthma is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. Few studies had focused on the relationship between dietary patterns and asthma in children. The study aimed at finding relationship between dietary elements and some serum minerals and asthma in children. A total of 104 children attending the pediatric outpatient clinic of National Nutrition Institute in the age range from 7-10 years were included in the study. Data on nutrition, lifestyle and demography were collected. A Chinese version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was used to detect asthma. Data on nutritional status had been collected using specially designed questionnaires to cover required information on food intake and dietary pattern. Venous blood sample was collected for determination of serum levels of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Selenium (Se). The results revealed increased daily intake of energy sources (fats and carbohydrates) and decreased intake of animal proteins and fibers in asthmatic children compared to normal individuals in the study. The daily mineral intake of (Cu) and (Se) was higher and calcium, iodine, sodium, potassium and magnesium intake was lower in asthmatic children as compared to normal ones; while dietary intake of (Zn) and cholesterol was not changed. Anthropometric measurements showed that Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly higher in asthmatic children than in normal ones. Serum levels of (Cu), (Zn) and (Se) showed no difference between asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals. Conclusion: the results suggest that a diet with a high intake of fat and carbohydrate and low intake of animal protein and fiber is associated with increased risk of asthma. Serum levels of Cu, Zn and Se showed no difference between asthmatic and normal children. The study also revealed that children with asthma are at higher risk of developing obesity.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4246_f9259d54a52284803a8fb6ed937f7b16.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097449120171101The possible protective effect of folic acid against methotrexate induced ovarian damage in female albino rats. « Light and electron microscopic study124424710.21608/bnni.2017.4247ENAbdel AzizShohdaAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityAhmedEl-bannaAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityFayezAbdel FattahAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20171121Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used in the treatment of malignant tumors and rheumatic disorders. This work aims to study the protective effect of folic acid on the ovary affected by methotrexate. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy, adult female albino rats were classified into six groups (10 animals each). Group I: Served as control group. Group II: The rats received folic acid in a daily oral dose of (250ug/kg b.w) for four weeks. Group III: Included rats which received an I.P injection of MTX (1mg/kg b.w) once weekly for four weeks. Group IV: The animals were concomitantly treated with MTX and FA as the same previous doses, period and routes of administration. Group V: The animals were concomitantly treated with MTX and FA as the same previous doses, routes of administration for eight weeks. Group VI: Included rats which received an I.P injection of MTX (1mg/kg b.w) once weekly for four weeks then left without treatment for another successive four weeks. Results: The following results from our study were decreased number of ovarian follicles, multiple degenerated and atretic follicles with vacuolation of the oocyte cytoplasm, disturbed oocyte in some follicles with marked apoptotic bodies inside the oocyte and granulosa cells. On the other hand, rats received folic acid (FA) following treatment with MTX revealed more or less apparent normal architecture. Conclusion: FA proved to have remarkable protective effect against toxicity of MTX by minimizing the previous degenerative changes.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4247_6fa78eb3154d1e2f9c6c229aa762065b.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097449120171101Dietary Intake and Socioeconomic Factors among a Group of Stunted Preschool Children in Cairo119424810.21608/bnni.2017.4248ENSalwaSalehHodaEl GezeryAhmedMarieJournal Article20171121The optimal growth and development of infants and young children are fundamental for their future. Stunting is one of the most important public health problems in developing countries. This study explores the socio-economic determinants of stunting among a sample of under-five years children. Subjects & Methods: This study is a cross sectional descriptive one ,for which the study population was recruited from out patients clinic of stunting in Na-tional Nutrition Institute (NNI) after taking the ethical agreements of their par-ents. The study included 50 preschool children (31 boys and 19 girls). Their age ranged from 2-5 year both boys and girls was included. Their parents were interviewed by using special questionnaire for assessment of the socioeconomic factors. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Dietary Assessment was performed using 24H, recall and food frequency of selected food items. Re-sults: Among the sample, the children were 62%.boys and 38% girls. The cur-rent data showed inadequate dietary intake, as there was unsafe level of con-sumption of total calories and carbohydrate, vitamin A, calcium, zinc, unac-cepted level of consumption of protein and iron. The most important determina-ble socioeconomic factors of stunting were educational level, occupation, family size and family income. Conclusion: This study was successful in identifying priority nutrients for dietary intervention including total caloric intake, macro and some micronutrients This study also determine some of socioeconomic factors of stunting which were educational level, occupation, family size and family income.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4248_4db5203425bb068077d77a1d848ef214.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097449120171101Effect of Cadmium Exposure among workers in Battery Industries120424910.21608/bnni.2017.4249ENEL-SayedHassaninDepartment of Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, EgyptHamdyEl-BasselDepartment of Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, EgyptAmalAbd El-RazekDepartment of Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20171121The study aimed to assess the possible influence of long-term human occupational exposure to cadmium and smoking cigarettes at the time of exposure on renal and liver functions in battery manufacturing. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated liver, kidney function, oxidative stress and lipid per oxidation among smoker and non smoker workers in battery manufacturing in Egypt. Multiple linear regression was conducted to investigate the association between cadmium exposure period and the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), albumin, creatinine, uric acid (UA), urea, cu/zn superoxide dismutase (cu/zn SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH) in RBCs, malondialdehyde (MDA), hemoglobin and β2-microglobulin in urine, adjusting for smoking and the amount of cigarette smoked. Subjects were stratified into direct and indirect exposure according to their place of exposure. Results: our results show positive associations between exposure to cadmium and adverse effect on Hb, GSH, UA and GGT.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4249_375b9a8b6a17b21788315683bb46df39.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097449120171101Application of some vegetables extracts on storage period of corn and linseed oils125425010.21608/bnni.2017.4250ENAhmedAlyHome economics Department, Faculty of Specific Education, Benha University, EgyptNawalTahoonHome economics Department, Faculty of Specific Education, Benha University, EgyptRehabElhelalyHome economics Department, Faculty of Specific Education, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20171121This study aimed to determine the phenolic and flavonoids content of carrot, cabbage and green pepper extracts and their effects on some chemical properties of corn and linseed oils during storage period. Phenolic and flavonoids content were determined by high performance liquid chromatographic method using ultraviolet (UV) detector set at 280nm and 330nm, respectively. Corn and linseed oils storied (Six months) at room temperature (25±5°c) after additional 500 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm from carrot, cabbage and green pepper extracts and compared with additional 200 ppm synthetic antioxidants (BHT & BHA). The oils samples analyzed every month for acid, peroxide and iodine values during storage period. The results showed that in the end of storage period acid and peroxide values of corn and flaxseed oils which treated with 1500 ppm carrot cabbage and green pepper extracts were lower than other treatments , while iodine value were higher. It can be concluded that the additional of carrot, cabbage and green pepper extracts enhanced the acid, peroxide and iodine values of corn and linseed oils in the end of storage period.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4250_fa344d1838dd3243feb77e57a9f47c8a.pdf