The National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Hypolipidimic Effects of Dried Tomato Pomace Powder on Aging Female Rats126422710.21608/bnni.2017.4227ENAbeerKhedrDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Home Economics, Menufyia University. Shibin El-Kom , EgyptEl-BeltagyADepartment of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Menufyia University, City: Shibin El-Kom EgyptMarwaShabanaDepartment of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Menufyia University, City: Shibin El-Kom EgyptJournal Article20171120Tomato pomace is rich in bioactive food components, and has therapeutic properties but have a low economic value. In this paper, the effect of tomato pomace on reduce lipid profile and improve antioxidant status in aging female rats, also the potential use of tomato pomace in bread were studied. Twenty four aging female rats were divided randomly into four groups, six rats per each. First (control group), second, third and fourth group received basal diet + 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 % of dried tomato pomace (DTP) respectively for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed, blood samples were collected. Serum was then removed by centrifuging for analysis. Also, tomato pomace powder was used to replace part of the whole wheat flour (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%) in standard baladi bread. Appearance, taste, flavor, texture, compressibility, color and overall acceptability were evaluated in baladi bread. 10% dried tomato pomace group was more effective to reduce serum total lipid (T.L), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and atherogenic indices levels than other groups. While, antioxidant status indicators improved in DTP groups and 10% DTP had more effective. Moreover, sensory evaluation showen that all portion of DTP in bread were found acceptable by the panelists. It conclude that dried tomato pomace powder improved lipid profile levels and antioxidant status in aging female rats and it obtained good result in sensory evaluation of baladi bread.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4227_181fb3a93f41f68ae9b8e8a87244058a.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Biochemical Profile of Some Nutritionally Stunted Egyptian Children121422810.21608/bnni.2017.4228ENMohgaAbdallaChemistry Department, Faculty of science, Helwan University, Cairo, EgyptHayatSharadaChemistry Department, Faculty of science, Helwan University, Cairo, EgyptSaharKhairyNutritional requirements and growth Department, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, EgyptAwatifAbd El-MaksoudNutritional requirements and growth Department, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, EgyptNehalAhmedNutritional requirements and growth Department, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20171120Childhood nutritional stunting, an indicator of chronic malnutrition, has been suggested as one factor that can contribute to high incidences of obesity, and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism in developing countries. This study aimed to determine health risks of developing hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes as non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among nutritionally stunted Egyptian children. A total of 90 children were enrolled; 60 nutritional stunted children and 30 non- stunted of matched age and sex. Clinical, demographic characteristics were determined for the studied children. Lipid profile levels, fasting plasma levels of glucose, and insulin were measured in these subjects. Pancreatic beta cells’ function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Stunted children exhibited significantly lower values for weight, weight-for-age Z score (WAZ), height, and height-for-age Z score (HAZ) as compared to normal ones. Significant elevation in total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and HDL/LDL ratio were detected compared to that of the healthy control subjects. There were no significant differences in the levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-β), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between the two compared groups. Conclusion: Alterations in lipid pattern among nutritionally stunted Egyptian children may predict the future of NCDs later in life.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4228_a3f2adc80bbc8e3e8c5511d64a4d04c6.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101THE EFFECT OF DIETARY HABITS AND LIFESTYLE ON GASTROINTESTINAL, LIVER, AND KIDNEY CLINICAL STATUS IN UNIVERSITY HOSTEL STUDENTS129422910.21608/bnni.2017.4229ENThourayaHassanDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sci., Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia Univ.,Shebin El-Kom,EgyptMohamedEl-DashloutyDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sci., Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia Univ.,Shebin El-Kom,EgyptMonaSalamaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sci., Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia Univ.,Shebin El-Kom,EgyptJournal Article20171120This study was conducted to investigate the effect of college hostels residents' life style and eating habits and their impact on liver, kidneys and gastro intestinal system (GIT), and to compare between girls and boys inside the hostels concerning the same parameters. The study started by giving several questionnaires to elicit their general complaints and detailed symptoms, after which anthropometric measures were taken then clinical examinations and laboratory investigations were carried out. The study tried to detect the most prevailing GIT, liver and kidneys diseases that affected students in university hostels. Recommendations to solve these complaints were presented. The study found that college students in the university hostels practiced unhealthy life style and food habits; 53% ate while watching TV, 8% of boys are cigarette smokers, the frequency of sports per week was as low as 1.2 times only, 70% of students preferred junk foods and 45% of students preferred fried foods. These habits affected the GIT negatively as the most prevalent general complaint was pain, food allergies and infestations. 81.7% of all students had troubles of GIT, 83.4 % of girls and 80% of boys. Students were then clinically examined and samples were drawn for laboratory tests. Clinical examination showed prevalence of GIT signs (72%).https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4229_7e70a56ef05e3cb2cdd9834c2e79153b.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Biological effect of Parsley and honey on side effects of Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in experimental male rats123423010.21608/bnni.2017.4230ENNawalTahoonDepartment of Home Economic, Faculty of Specific Education, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20171120The research was carried out on 50 adult albino male rats (Sprague - Dawley strain) weighing 160±7 g. 10 rats served as control negative group and 40 rats were injected with Cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg bwt, ip) to induce nephrotoxicity. Then, rats reclassified into positive control group and three treated rat groups which administered parsley juice with honey, parsley powder with honey, and parsley extract with honey. The treatment period was designed for eight weeks. The chemical composition revealed that dry parsley contain highest amount of protein, fat, ash, calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, magnesium, total polyphenols and total flavonoids than dry honey but dry honey contain highest amount of carbohydrate and moisture. The biological results revealed that, there was a significant increases in weight gain , food intake , feed efficiency ratio , protein efficiency ratio ,serum total protein , globulin , albumin , and also kidney tissues superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione–S- transferase (GST) antioxidant enzymes. There was a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid and albumin to globulin ratio and kidney tissues malondialdehyde (MDA) in all treated rat groups at p<0.001 compared with positive control group. Rat groups which administered Cisplatin showed a significant increase in creatinine , urea and uric acid and albumin to globulin ratio and kidney tissues malodialdehyde (MDA) and significant decrease in weight gain , food intake , food efficiency ratio , protein efficiency ratio ,serum total protein , globulin, abumin, And kidney tissues superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione –S- transferase (GST) at p<0.001 compared with negative control group and all treated rat groups. Histopathological examination revealed that, kidney tissues of rat treated with administered parsley with honey showed apparent normal kidney and non-histopathological changes. These biochemical changes were accompanied with histopathological. It can be concluded that the administration of Parsley juice, powder and extract with honey can lower the side effects of Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in human and reducing the risk factors for nephrotoxicity disease such as hyperemia, leakage of renal markers and healthy condition.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4230_a99dd2511b59c6abd26f444849844983.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Chemical and microbiological studies on Kenyan and Gabali Egyptian tea116423110.21608/bnni.2017.4231ENEmadGuirguisDepatment of Food Hygiene, National Nutrition Institute, General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, EgypyMaryMelekaDepatment of Plant Production, Desert Research Center, EgyptJournal Article20171120The present study was designed to compare the quality of Gabali Egyptian tea and Kenyan tea locally cultivated in Egypt. Gabali, black and green Kenyan teas were laboratory processed, then analyzed chemically and microbiologically for their quality evaluation. Representative results show that all samples of the 3 types were contaminated with aerobic mesophilic plate counts of the tea types varied from 6.1x103 to 2.2x108 cfu/g, spore-forming bacteria 1.1x102 to 1.6x104 cfu/g, coliforms (MPN) 0.36- 1.5 x101 cell/g, molds 2.3x102 to 3.0x104 and yeasts 1.2x102 to 5.8x103 cfu/g, in which gabali tea was the highest and black Kenyan tea was the lowest microbial count. Pathogenic bacteria were not in detectable level. The black Kenyan tea had the highest antibacterial activity followed by the green Kenyan tea with all solvents, but extraction of Gabali tea had antibacterial activity only by distilled water and water reflux. Total aflatoxin in concentration range of 6.1, 9.8 and >50 μg/kg in black and green Kenyan tea and Gabali tea, respectively. Phytochemical analysis of the tea samples revealed the presence of tannin in high level in black Kenyan tea (14.33%). Considering the results obtained, only black and green Kenyan tea had acceptable levels for all microbial factors in comparison with the Egyptian standards. It was concluded that Gabali tea may be high risk product and therefore, more studies are necessary to find methods of decontamination.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4231_d3a470f54703ba1adededf763d3629e2.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Microbiological and Sensory Evaluation of Instant Vegetable Stock from by-Products of Frozen Food Companies Compared with the Commercial Stock Cubes in Egypt115423210.21608/bnni.2017.4232ENEmadGuirguisDepartment of Food Hygiene, National Nutrition Institute, General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Egypt.MohamedFaragDepartment of Food Hygiene, National Nutrition Institute, General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, EgyptJournal Article20171120The consumption of instant vegetable soup powder is increasing due to their ease of use. It was developed converting by-product frozen food, to much valuable and functional products. Five vegetable soup formulae (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) were created using dried vegetable waste material mixes. Microbial and sensory evaluation was conducted to select best combination of ingredients in comparison with commercial brand. The results of the microbial analysis showed that the samples had mean total aerobic viable count and molds and yeasts count ranging) from 6.0 to 9.8) x 104 cfu/g and (from 5.4 to 11) x102 cfu/g, respectively. The coliform group (MPN) ranging from < 3.0 to 23 cell/g. Pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella sp.) were not detected in any of the samples. The counts obtained were within the maximum acceptable levels provided by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sensory evaluation on the basis of overall acceptability scores, the formula F2 is the most acceptable of all the examined samples while the commercial vegetable stock cubes comes the second, followed by formulae F3, F4, F1 and F5, respectively. Therefore, the development of innovative and safe foods has been a challenge, mainly due to lack of knowledge and technology transfer to the industry.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4232_9311806b4c84a2b80dcafdcc3c073b17.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Effect of intake acidic and alkaline foods to rats before meeting on the probability of offspring gender116423310.21608/bnni.2017.4233ENTarekAbd El. RahmanDept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, EgyptKhaledAbd El RahmanDept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, EgyptNglaaEbrahimDept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, EgyptJournal Article20171120This study was designed to investigate the effects of consumption acidic and alkaline food to determine offspring gender. In total, 20 female albino rats and 5 males were chosen and randomly divided into 5 groups all groups of rats were fed on the experimental diet. After 20 days of special diet, the female rats were mated with males and were separated after pregnancy. The newborn rats’ sexes were determined after delivery. In potatoes group (58%) males and (42%) female rats were born (sex ratio = 1.38) while these rates were (61%) male and (39%) female (sex ratio = 1.56) in potatoes plus K2HPO4 group , in milk group (57%)male and (43%) females (Sex ratio = 1.33), in milk plus CaCO3 (46%)male and (54%) female (Sex ratio = .85) while in control group (47%) male and (53%) female rats were born (sex ratio = .89). (ALT), and (AST) were determined, Serum creatinine, serum uric acid and serum bilirubin measured. Blood analysis included WBC count, and platelet count (PLC). The present results observed that acidic and alkaline food in the diet of rats can have significant effect on the sex ratio of delivered rats’ offspring.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4233_e9e8135f697a9f89afff126749c44d1f.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease125423410.21608/bnni.2017.4234ENAzzaSalehEnvironmental Medical Sciences ,Department of Nutritional RequirementsZeinabAbdElaalEnvironmental Medical Sciences, Growth , National Nutrition InstituteMarwaBekheetEnvironmental Medical Sciences Department of Field Researches and Studies,National Nutrition InstituteJournal Article20171120Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to obesity and insulin resistance (IR), and it is generally agreed upon that NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is an insulin resistance syndrome comprising glucose intolerance, IR, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all of which are well-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of IR in non-diabetic adult patients with (NAFLD) and its relation with Mets. This study included 40 non-diabetic patients with (NAFLD). We performed full history taking and clinical examination with anthropometric measurements for the patients studied. Investigations included serum analysis for liver functions, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, lipid profile, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Patients with HOMA-IR levels ≥ 2 were considered insulin resistant. MetS was assessed according to International Diabetic Federation (IDF) criteria. Abdominal ultrasound was performed for NAFLD diagnosis and exclusion of cirrhosis. Insulin resistance was found in 62.5% of NAFLD patients; their mean age (42.6 ± 8.61 vs. 37.3 ± 6.89 years; p=0.038), triglyceride level (TG) (121.1 ± 79.3 vs. 77.4 ± 23.5 mg/dl; p=0.049) and postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) level (111.1 ± 12.4 vs. 102.7 ± 9.9 mg/dl; p=0.013) respectively were significantly higher compared to those without IR. Fifty percent of NAFLD patients fulfilled criteria of MetS. Obesity and PPBG were statistically higher and HDL-cholesterol level was statistically lower in NAFLD patients with MetS co of obesity and MetS. Patients with NAFLD and MetS are more insulin resistant even in the absence of diabetes. This knowledge may lead to more aggressive management of the MetS risk factors and may lead to improvement in patient's liver disease.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4234_a641ded3f3219a4d79e98289b45db97c.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Physiochemical and nutritional values of some blends of vegetable oils with palm olein compared to some cooking oils of Tamouin Cards123423510.21608/bnni.2017.4235ENRashaBhnsawySpecial Food and Nutrition Dept., Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center,Giza, EgyptJournal Article20171120Oil blending has been recognized as one of the most potent solution in producing vegetable oils with good storage stabilities and optimum fatty acids compositions. Palm olein is stable against rancidity and oxidation. This study was conducted to identify the best oil blends in terms of physicochemical properties between palm olein, sunflower and soybean oil and food safety nutrition (The more resistance cooking oil against degradation process and formation of free radicals). Palm olein, sunflower and soybean oils were blended at different ratios of (50:25:25), (60:20:20) and (70:15:15) to obtain three new blended at different ratios of (50:25:25) palm olein: sunflower: soybean oil shows the best properties after being mixed compared to other blends and tamouin cards cooking oil. It passed the viscosity test and has significantly moderate cloud point of 8.2oC (p<0.05) which means it can be stored at low temperature (9oC). This blend also has significantly smoke point (236oC), high iodine value of 126.28 g I2/100g (p<0.05), low peroxide content of 4.68 meq O2/kg and has significantly the lowest acid value of 0.16% (p<0.05). Fatty acid composition has shown that it has high unsaturated oleic acid, C18: 1 (25.05%) and relatively high oxidative stability (9.25 h) compared to other oil blends. The chips fried in blends contain palm olein showed the best sensory evaluation. Therefore, the blend of ( 25:25 ) (sunflower: soybean) with 50% palm olein is recommended for deep-frying and can be kept longer due to its stability and high smoke point.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4235_957f1cc09e2b7194a1f4dd5d0f0dcef5.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Evaluation of Beetroot Juice Blends with Carrot and Apple Juice as Healthy Beverage129423610.21608/bnni.2017.4236ENAbeerEl-DakakSpecial Food and Nutrition Dept., Food Technology Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptMonaYoussefSpecial Food and Nutrition Dept., Food Technology Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptHanaaAbd El-RahmanSpecial Food and Nutrition Dept., Food Technology Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20171120The consumption of beetroot juice may lower blood pressure (BP) and therefore reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to produce of beetroot juice blends with carrot and apple juice as healthy beverage and new product as a reduction in BP. Juices from beetroot (Beta vulgaris), carrot (Drocus carota), and apple (Mallus Pumilla Fam.) were optimized to a blended beverage which was pasteurized (90°C for 25 sec) and stored for 21 days in glass bottles at refrigerated temperature. Physic-chemical and sensory analysis was evaluated. Marginal changes in pH, total soluble solids, acidity, vitamin C and total carotenoids were observed. The highest content of total carotenoids in the beetroot, carrot, and apple juice blends of 50:20:30 (V/V/V) (T4) was found (55.03mgL-1) to be increased with increasing the proportion of carrot juice. Estimation of vitamin C content of the same sample at 21 day (30.40mg/100ml) showed high improvement in nutritional value of beetroot juice incorporated with carrot and apple juice. The mean nitrate and nitrite levels in the juices ranged from 0.005 to 0.002mg/L and 0.092 to 0.005 mg/L. during storage period; respectively. The mean overall acceptability scores of more than 8 for juice samples up to 30% apple juice incorporation indicated the commercial scope for manufacturing good and nutritious beetroot juice blended with carrot and apple juice, which will also be helpful in providing dietary requirement of beta carotene to the consumer. Heat pasteurization was effective for inactivating the microbial flora. However, the shelf life of juice was established within 21 days. The product is recommended for children, youth and elderly persons to be used within 21 days.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4236_d67c2a3be8329ec7f57321ad3591aa7c.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101A Comparative Study Between Grape (Vitis vinifera) Juice Varieties on Liver Toxicity Induced by Sodium Fluoride in Adult Rats128423710.21608/bnni.2017.4237ENNaglaaEL- SheikhDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, Shibin El- Kom, EgyptAbeerKhedrDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, Shibin El- Kom, EgyptAlaaNofalDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, Shibin El- Kom, EgyptJournal Article20171120The consumption of fruits has an important role in health protection. Grape juice is considered a healthy protecting beverage due to its high content of bioactive phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity. The present study was designed to compare the potential effects of three types of grape juice (Green or white-red and black) against the toxicity and tissues damage induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in rats liver. Rats were randomly divided into five groups. The first: negative control group (6 rats) fed standard diet. From 2 to 5 group received a single oral dose 10.3 mg Naf /kg body weight for six weeks, the second group served as positive control group (6 rats), the third, fourth and fifth groups (12 rat /each) were fed standard diet and each of them was divided into two sub groups (6 rats /each) and given a daily oral dose 5 and 10 μL/g body weight for 6 weeks of the green (white), red and black grape juice respectively. After the end of the experimental period, lipids profile, liver functions, Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH Rd) and catalase (CAT) activities and histological examination of liver tissues were performed. Results showed that NaF treated rats caused elevation in lipid profile, liver functions in the serum and MDA levels with reduction in the activity of GSH Rd and CAT in liver tissues. However, treatment sodium fluoride rats with red and black grape juice reduced the levels of lipid profile, liver enzymes and MDA with enhanced activity of GSH Rd, CAT and histopathological changes in the liver tissues. While, treated rats with black grape juice (10μl/g BW) was more effective in alleviating the harmful effects of NaF in rats. In conclusion, red and black grape juice has a potent effect against NaF induced hepatotoxicity in rats and this effect might be correlated with grape antioxidant capacity.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4237_c45c8c1e31ffb76f20c88f10d2d0ef5d.pdfThe National Nutrition InstituteBulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt1110-097448120170101Evaluation of Mango Seed kernel Extract as natural occurring phenolic rich antioxidant compound130423910.21608/bnni.2017.4239ENTalaatEl-KadyNational Nutrition Istitute, Ministry of health and population, Cairo, EgyptMohamedAbd El-RahmanNational Nutrition Istitute, Ministry of health and population, Cairo, EgyptA.O.TolibaA.O.TolibaFood Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., EgyptSamyAbo El-matyFood Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., EgyptJournal Article20171120Sunflower oil (SFO) seeds of Helianthus annuus L., is a rich source of linoleic acid, which is more susceptible to oxidation of edible oils. Usually antioxidant materials are added to improve the oxidative stability of oils .Mango seeds kernels (MSK) are a sources rich with natural antioxidant compounds. In 2012, the bio-waste was produced by processing industries of mango fruits around 3,932 mT in Egypt. Ethnolic extract of mango seed kernel (MSKE) has been used for stabilization of SFO at three concentrations (mg/kg oil) i.e., 200(MSKE-200), 500(MSKE-500) and1000 ppm (MSKE -1000), while BHT was used at a level of 200ppm (BHT-200) for comparison. Progression oxidation of SFO was followed during accelerated storage at 70°C for 72hr (at intervals of 4hr)by measuring oxidative stability tests: peroxide value(PV), p-anisidene value (P-anv), total oxidation value (TOTOX), acid value (AV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) . Results of HPLC analysis of MSKE showed that contained 20 compounds of total phenolic content. MSKE at 100ppm had the highest radical-scavenging activity (96.86%) followed by BHT (94.9%) and ascorbic acid (91.5%). The higher levels of MSKE (1000, 500 ppm) provide the best protection against primary and secondary oxidation of SFO samples. The different parameters of oxidative stability were in agreement with each other, suggesting higher efficiency of 1000ppmMSKE˃ 500ppm MSKE ˃ 200ppm BHT˃ 200ppm MSKE ˃ control.https://bnni.journals.ekb.eg/article_4239_e4d8f018e703b242d626d8f3fb4effa4.pdf